International Stem Cell Blog

Oceanside, California, July 8, 2008 -- International Stem Cell Corporation (OTCBB: ISCO), announced today a new collaboration with leading stem cell researcher Jose Cibelli at Michigan State University as part of ISCO?s ongoing strategy to work with scientific leaders across the world to expand the scientific data relating to parthenogenetic stem cells.

Professor Cibelli will study gene expression in several human parthenogenetic stem cell lines and compare the results with fertilized embryonic stem cells. According to Professor Cibelli, ?We have observed in mouse and monkey that imprinting in parthenogenetic cells changes as the cells are cultured. This in vitro phenomenon can be advantageous for parthenogenetic cells.?

ISCO is the first company in the world to perfect a process for creating human stem cells from unfertilized eggs. These cells are called ?parthenogenetic? stem cells and they alleviate two critical problems inherent to the use of embryonic stem cells for cell transplantation, immune rejection and ethical issues associated with the use of fertilized human embryos. Such cells can be ?matched? to the immune systems of millions of persons. ISCO?s goal is to create a ?cell bank? of clinical grade parthenogenetic cells available for immediate use without having to isolate cells from the patient?s own body or depend on cells isolated from other living individuals.

?Collaborations with leading researchers such as Dr. Cibelli and Michigan State University generate important knowledge about these unique cells, helping in ISCO?s goal of creating a true stem cell bank that could offer on-demand delivery of clinical grade cells matched to a patient?s own immune system?, said Jeffrey Janus, President of International Stem Cell Corporation.

ISCO?s discovery of a way to make parthenogenetic cells that match the immune system of millions of persons was first announced in December, 2007 in a peer reviewed paper authored by ISCO?s CSO, Dr. Elena Revazova, MD, PhD, entitled ?HLA Homozygous Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Parthenogenetic Blastocysts?, published in the online edition of Cloning and Stem Cells Journal: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/clo.2007.0063. One such line, identified as hpSC-Hhom-4, was found to match the most common immune types found across the United States, opening the door to potential therapeutic application for tens of millions of people of different races, sexes and ages.

ABOUT INTERNATIONAL STEM CELL CORPORATION (ISCO.OB):

International Stem Cell Corporation is a California biotechnology company focused on developing therapeutic and research products. ISCO?s technology, Parthenogenesis, results in the creation of pluripotent human stem cell lines from unfertilized human eggs. ISCO scientists have created the first Parthenogenetic homozygous stem cell line (phSC-Hhom-4) that can be a source of therapeutic cells that will not be immune rejected after transplantation into millions of individuals of differing sexes, ages and racial groups. These advancements offer the potential to create the first true ?Stem Cell Bank? and address ethical issues by eliminating the need to use or destroy fertilized embryos. ISCO also produces and markets specialized cells and growth media worldwide for therapeutic research through its subsidiary Lifeline Cell Technology. For more information, visit the ISCO website at: www.internationalstemcell.com.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development and potential opportunities for the company and its subsidiary, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as ?will,? ?believes,? ?plans,? ?anticipates,? ?expects,? ?estimates,?) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the company's business, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

Contacts:

International Stem Cell Corporation

Jeffrey Janus, President

jjanus@intlstemcell.com

760-940-6383

or

William Adams, Chief Financial Officer

wadams@intlstemcell.com

760-940-6383

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Forward-Looking Statements

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development and potential opportunities for the company and its subsidiary, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as ?will,? ?believes,? ?plans,? ?anticipates,? ?expects,? ?estimates?) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the company's business, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

OCEANSIDE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--International Stem Cell Corporation (OTCBB:ISCO), announced today a new collaboration with the University of Cambridge (UK) as part of ISCO?s ongoing strategy to work with scientific leaders across the world to expand the scientific data relating to parthenogenetic stem cells.

According to Roger A. Pedersen, PhD, Professor of Regenerative Medicine at Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, ?We look forward to conducting molecular and genetic assessment of imprinted gene expression and DNA methylation on these unique cells.?

ISCO is the first company in the world to perfect a process for creating human stem cells from unfertilized eggs. These cells are called ?parthenogenetic? stem cells and they alleviate two critical problems inherent to the use of embryonic stem cells for cell transplantation, immune rejection and ethical issues associated with the use of fertilized human embryos. Such cells can be ?matched? to the immune systems of millions of persons. ISCO?s goal is to create a ?cell bank? of clinical grade parthenogenetic cells available for immediate use without having to isolate cells from the patient?s own body or depend on cells isolated from other living individuals.

?Collaborations with leading researchers such as Dr. Pedersen at the University of Cambridge brings us closer to ISCO?s goal of creating a true stem cell bank that could offer on-demand delivery of stem cells matched to a patient?s own immune system,? said Jeffrey Janus, president of International Stem Cell Corporation. ?Our intent is to provide these HLA-homozygous cell lines to researchers across the world to advance the field of regenerative medicine, as well as to commercialize our cells for cell transplant therapies.?

ISCO?s discovery of a way to make parthenogenetic cells that match the immune system of millions of persons was first announced in December, 2007 in a peer reviewed paper authored by ISCO?s Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Elena Revazova, MD, PhD, entitled ?HLA Homozygous Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Parthenogenetic Blastocysts,? published in the online edition of Cloning and Stem Cells Journal: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/clo.2007.0063. One such line, identified as hpSC-Hhom-4, was found to match the most common immune type found across the United States, opening the door to potential therapeutic application for tens of millions of people of different races, sexes and ages.

About University of Cambridge:

As the University of Cambridge approaches its eight-hundredth anniversary in 2009, it is looking to the future. Its mission is to contribute to society through the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. It admits the very best and brightest students, regardless of background, and offers one of the UK?s most generous bursary schemes.

The University of Cambridge?s reputation for excellence is known internationally and reflects the scholastic achievements of its academics and students, as well as the world-class original research carried out by its staff. Some of the most significant scientific breakthroughs occurred at the University, including the splitting of the atom, invention of the jet engine and the discoveries of stem cells, plate tectonics, pulsars and the structure of DNA. From Isaac Newton to Stephen Hawking, the University has nurtured some of history?s greatest minds and has produced more Nobel Prize winners than any other UK institution with over 80 laureates.

About International Stem Cell Corporation:

International Stem Cell Corporation (ISCO) is a California biotechnology company focused on developing therapeutic and research products. ISCO?s technology, Parthenogenesis, results in the creation of pluripotent human stem cell lines from unfertilized human eggs. ISCO scientists also have created the first Parthenogenetic homozygous stem cell line (phSC-Hhom-4) that can be a source of therapeutic cells that will not be immune rejected after transplantation into millions of individuals of differing sexes, ages and racial groups. These advancements offer the potential to create the first true ?Stem Cell Bank? and address ethical issues by eliminating the need to use or destroy fertilized embryos. ISCO also produces and markets specialized cells and growth media worldwide for therapeutic research through its subsidiary Lifeline Cell Technology. For more information, visit the ISCO website at: www.internationalstemcell.com.

To subscribe to receive ongoing corporate communications please click on the following link: http://www.b2i.us/irpass.asp?BzID=1468&to=ea&s=0

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development and potential opportunities for the company and its subsidiary, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as ?will,? ?believes,? ?plans,? ?anticipates,? ?expects,? ?estimates,?) should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the company's business, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

As I have been traveling around the U.S. talking to editors and financial analysts about our company, International Stem Cell Corporation (?ISCO.OB), I am constantly struck by how much confusion there is about what stem cells are, what the difference is between ?adult? and ?embryonic? stem cells, and how they can be used in developing ways to treat dreadful diseases. Let me offer some thoughts that may be helpful.

First of all, let me refer you to what I think is the finest explanation of stem clls for the non-scientist I have ever read. It is contained in an article by Dr. Douglas Melton of Harvard University that was recently published in the Bulletin of the American Academy. (http://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/summer2007/stemcell.pdf). I urge anyone interested in understanding the world of stem cells to download it and read it.

However, there is one thing not covered by the article because it was not widely known at the time. Dr. Melton speaks of the differences between adult stem cells, which are limited in their capacity to become other types of cells, and embryonic stem cells, which can become any cell in the body. Embryonic stem cells are also at the heart of all the current debate about the ethics of stem cell research because they are obtained from fertilized human eggs.

What was not widely known at the time of Dr. Melton?s article is that there is a way of creating stem cells that have the same capacity to be changed into any cell in the body that might be needed for therapy or research, but do not use fertilized eggs. These are stem cells developed by my company, International Stem Cell Corporation, created by a process called Parthenogenesis. The cells are called Parthenotes. At the risk of sounding like a commercial, let me explain why we think these cells are so important.

The first reason is obvious. By avoiding the need to use fertilized eggs, we believe we can put to rest the fears of those who believe that destroying a fertilized embryo is destroying a human life. For reasons that can get quite technical, it is generally agreed that in humans a Parthenote cannot be implanted back into the donor?s womb and grow to be a human being. It is a cluster of cells that can still produce any cell in the body, but lacks a critical element necessary to allow it to attach to the uterus and become a baby.

The second reason is even more important. Any implanting of a cell to treat a disease is like transplanting a miniature organ. If you don?t have a match with the patient?s immune system, the body will reject the cell. It is one of the big problems not yet solved in cell transplant therapy and millions of dollars have been spent trying to find ways to trick the body into not attacking the implanted cell.

We think we have a better way by far. Because Parthenotes contain only the dna of the mother from whose egg they were derived, and not that derived from a father?s sperm, it is possible to create cells from a single stem cell line that can match the immune profile of hundreds of millions of people. That means that instead of having to search through hundreds of thousands of cell lines trying to find one that matches, a very small number of lines might suffice for most of the world?s population.

I?ll have more to say on the subject in a later posting, but this is probably enough for today.

Ken Aldrich
CEO
International Stem Cell Corporation
(ISCO.OB)

?He was one of, if not the best, person I ever worked with in my entire career because he had vision and knew where we were going and made you so happy to be there,? said Jeffrey Janus, president of International Stem Cells.

International Stem Cell Corp. Joins Eye Surgery Trial

By: BRADLEY J. FIKES - Staff Writer

OCEANSIDE -- Shares of International Stem Cell Corp. rose nearly 19 percent Monday after the company said it will supply corneal cells for human trials in an effort to improve vision correction surgery.

The Oceanside-based company's stock closed at 95 cents per share, up 15 cents for the day.

International Stem Cell (OTCBB:ISCO) announced today that it will be providing corneal epithelial cells, derived from its Parthenogenetic stem cells and human keratinocytes (a type of skin cell), for use in Federal Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trials aimed at creating a tissue transplant technology to improve photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

ISCO entered into a research agreement with Dr. Paul H. Chen, M.D. who has developed the cell transfer technology. He has a separate collaboration with the University of Michigan and is expanding his research team to include the University of California San Diego Shiley Eye Center, and Burnham Research Institute, both located in La Jolla, CA, and The State University New York (SUNY) Albany. Dr. Chen is on staff at Scripps Memorial, La Jolla and Scripps Encinitas Hospitals.

Today's announcement is part of ISCO's efforts to increase the clinical utility of its discoveries in culturing corneal-like tissues from its Parthenogenetic stem cells and to provide human stem cells for the study and cure of disease. Parthenogenetic cells come from unfertilized human eggs and can be immune-matched to millions of people therefore reducing ethical and immune rejection issues. "Our goal, in addition to conducting our own clinical trials in our targeted areas of ocular, liver and pancreatic diseases, is to do collaborations with other prominent researchers and provide our Parthenogenetic stem cells for their human trials," said Jeff Krstich, CEO, International Stem Cell Corporation.

"It is exciting to have our cells involved in studies that could lead to a safer and more effective treatment that hopefully will provide improved visual recovery, less pain, and an improved refractive correction outcome," noted Krstich. "If successful, such technology might also provide broader applications for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including non-healing epithelial defects, such as diabetic epithelial defects, neuropathic epithelial defects, and alkali burn epithelial defects."

PRK was the first clinical laser procedure to be developed for refractive vision correction, but lost favor to LASIK because the PRK procedure calls for laser ablation of the surface of the cornea which is relatively more painful and requires a longer healing time. PRK's advantages, however, include better vision improvement and fewer side effects associated with complications of the surgical "flap" that is created in the LASIK process. The PRK procedure does not require the creation of a flap and is associated with less risk of corneal ectasia, dry eyes, flap striae and epithelial ingrowth.

ABOUT INTERNATIONAL STEM CELL CORPORATION:

International Stem Cell Corporation (ISCO) is a California biotechnology company focused on developing therapeutic and research products. ISCO's technology, Parthenogenesis, results in the creation of pluripotent human stem cell lines from unfertilized human eggs that can be transplanted without immune-rejection. One of these lines called phSC-Hhom-4 can be a source of therapeutic cells that will not be immune rejected after transplantation into millions of individuals of differing sexes, ages and racial groups. These advancements offer the potential to create the first true "Stem Cell Bank" and addresses critical ethical issues by eliminating the need to use or destroy fertilized embryos. ISCO also produces and sells specialized cells and growth media worldwide for therapeutic research through its subsidiary Lifeline Cell Technology. For more information, visit the ISCO website at: www.internationalstemcell.com.

To subscribe to receive ongoing corporate communications please click on the following link: www.b2i.us/irpass.asp?BzID=1468&to=ea&s=0

About Dr. Paul H. Chen, M.D.

Dr. Paul H. Chen is a Board Certified ophthalmologist who provides comprehensive eye care with an interest in cataracts, glaucoma, eyelid enhancements, and laser vision correction.

Dr. Chen graduated summa cum laude in Molecular Biology from Princeton University and received his MD degree from Harvard Medical School. He completed his specialty training in Ophthalmology at the UCSF Medical Center in San Francisco.

His laboratory investigations have resulted in several scientific publications. Furthermore, he is the inventor of two U.S. patents used for the rapid diagnosis of infections. Dr. Chen has been involved in FDA clinical research on new eye drop treatments for corneal erosions, and he performed the first AlphaCor artificial corneal implants in San Diego County.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements pertaining to future financial and/or operating results, future growth in research, technology, clinical development and potential opportunities for the company and its subsidiary, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, goals, plans, or prospects expressed by management constitute forward-looking statements. Any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as "will," "believes," "plans," "anticipates," "expects," "estimates,") should also be considered to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the company's business, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

International Stem Cell Corporation
Kenneth C. Aldrich, Chairman
kaldrich@intlstemcell.com
or
Jeff Krstich, CEO
jkrstich@intlstemcell.com
760-940-6383
or
Media Relations:
The Orbach Company, Inc.
Nevena Orbach, 818-904-0500
nevena@orbachco.com

Welcome to this podcast. I am Ken Aldrich, Chairman and co-founder of International Stem Cell Corporation.

International Stem Cell Corporation recently announced that our scientific team, led by our Chief Scientist, Dr. Elena Revazova, has created a new class of human stem cell lines that do not involve the use of fertilized eggs and may enable hundreds of millions of people of different sex, ages and racial groups to benefit from cell based therapy with cells that will not be rejected by the patients own immune system after transplanting. The article was published in the on line edition of the well known peer-review publication, Cloning and Stem Cells on December 19, 2007

Since that time, we at International Stem Cell Corporation have received many questions about this discovery, most of which revolve around two basic questions: how are these cells different from what already exists and why does it matter? Since we are a public company that trades on the Bulletin Board--our symbol for those who are curious is ISCO.OB--a great deal of information about these questions has already been filed with the SEC and also been posted to our website, but I think a summary will be helpful, particular for those unfamiliar with the science of therapeutic cell implantation.

The 20th Century saw the development of whole organ transplants as a means to treat injury or diseases affecting the heart, liver, kidneys and other organs. The 21st Century has already seen the beginnings of a newer and even more promising therapy: the transplantation of human cells to enable damaged organs to begin functioning again on their own. Some of the new cell based treatments are quite advanced; others are in development, but all transplant programs to date share three basic problems:

That is why Dr. Revazova?s two recent discoveries are so important. They open the door to obtaining an unlimited supply of cells, without the use of cadavers or fertilized embryos, and that can be immune matched to hundreds of millions of patients so that that they will not be immune rejected after transplantation.

Our cell lines are known by the tongue twisting name of ?Parthenogenetic HLA-homozygous? lines, and you can expect to be hearing a lot more in the months to come about Parthenogenesis, HLA matching and ?homozygous? cell lines. However, the easiest way to think of what we are doing is to think of a blood bank in which a physician can find blood to match the need of any patient. HLA matching is more complex, but the concept is the same?provide cells that will not be rejected after transplanting.

To put that in perspective, if you are a 5 year old child whose immune system is still developing and you are diagnosed with a dreaded disease, there may cell transplant treatments already being tested or in use that might provide a cure, but they will be of no use to you because of the difficulty of finding a tissue match and the danger to a young child of taking large doses of immune suppressing drugs. The drugs could be far more dangerous to a child than the disease itself.

We have just taken the first giant step toward solving that problem.

Our cells also have great potential in the treatment of genetic disorders such as Alzheimer?s, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson?s disease, and many others because we can provide cells from cell lines that do not carry the same genetic defects, but that is a complex subject that is better left to a later discussion.

There is still much work to be done to make cell based therapy available to all who could use it and no one company can do it all. That is why, although our scientists are the only people in the world who have perfected a technique for creating parthenogenetic HLA-homozygous cells, we have filed patents that describe how such cells can be created so that we can share with others the secrets of how to do it. Our goal is to work with researchers throughout the world to assure that, in time, no person who could be helped by a cell transplant need ever go without that help because there were not enough cells available that were compatible with his or her immune system.

To listen to a Podcast of this posting, please press the green arrow below or visit the ISCO Podcast home page at http://internationalstemcell.podbean.com

Recently it was widely reported by the media that two groups of scientists have succeeded in turning human skin cells into cells that are very similar, though not identical, to embryonic stem cells. The media reports highlight that the method used to create stem cells from skin cells, called de-differentiation, does not involve the destruction of any human embryos.

As expected, the media attention generated numerous inquiries to our company, primarily on how this new research differs from ours, and what effect it might have on the field of stem cell research and our activities in that field.

Although the new discovery is scientifically exciting, it will not alter International Stem Cell?s basic strategy for providing human cells for transplant therapy. The reason is that our scientists, through our proprietary process called ?Parthenogenesis?, have already created human stem cell lines that have the same characteristics as embryonic stem cells, and also do not involve the use or destruction of any fertilized human embryos.

Parthenogenesis enables us to produce Parthenogenetic Stem Cells Lines that can deliver an unlimited supply of cells for research or therapy, as needed and on demand. Our ?Parthenotes? are already being produced in our laboratories and are available for use today by qualified researchers in any country that honors US and International patent laws. We have also differentiated some of those Parthenotes into specific cell types such as nerve cells and heart cells; some of which are already in production and expected to be used in human trials in 2008.

Unlike the cells derived through the recently announced de-differentiation of skin cells, our Parthenogenetic process does not involve viruses that can transmit disease, nor the use of specific genes that the scientists who published the recent work acknowledge are known to potentially be cancer producing. In addition, ISCO Parthenotes are developed with either no use or minimal use of animal serums or animal by-products, a problem that affects all of the lines currently ?approved? by the Federal Government.

For all these reasons, we have chosen not to pursue de-differentiation, but to focus on creation of Parthenogenic Stem Cell Lines and the cells that can be created from them. Although we actually hold license rights to a technology for producing de-differentiated cells, we prefer to focus on Parthenotes, which offer the same freedom from the use or destruction of human embryos, are already available for production in quantity for research (or therapy once appropriate approvals are received), and are not burdened by the risks of introducing viruses or potentially cancer causing genes.

To summarize:

1. De-differentiation is an interesting discovery that may best be utilized for drug testing in a lab setting. Unfortunately, because of its inherent cancer producing potential, coupled with its use of viruses that may transmit disease, it is not currently suitable for human therapeutics.

2. If, however, the inherent flaws in de-differentiation are somehow solved and the process evolves to show greater promise, our company already holds license for a similar process and we could quickly pursue that avenue as well.

3. Our Parthenogenetic Stem Cells already can provide all the things that de-differentiation derived cells promise, and more:

a) Our stem cells do not require fertilized embryos and thus no fertilized embryos are destroyed in the process.

b) Our stem cells do not employ the use of any cancer causing genes.

c) Our stem cells use no viruses that can cause disease.

d) Our stem cells use none or minimal animal serums or animal by-product.

e) Our stem cells hold the promise for human therapeutic use with the distinct advantage of requiring little or no immunosuppressant drugs.

f) We are already producing human stem cells suitable for clinical trials, doing so in quantity and under strict quality control, and expect to be using those cells in two Phase I trials shortly.

In conclusion, although we respect and indeed applaud the scientific achievement of this newly published research, we do not believe it will have significant impact on our scientific pursuits, and certainly not a negative one. On the contrary, we find that every advance in stem cell research buoys the entire field. It generates excitement and optimism. Most importantly, it shines more light on what we believe to be the most promising area of medicine, and brings us ever closer to cure disease and reduce human suffering.

As always, we stand ready to respond to your questions and comments.

Most sincerely,

Jeff Krstich,

Chief Executive Officer.

Forward-Looking Statements

This news release and the "Message from the CEO" on the company's website to which it refers, contain statements pertaining to future research, clinical development and potential opportunities for the company and its subsidiary, along with other statements about the future expectations, beliefs, plans, goals, or prospects expressed by management. Those and any statements that are not historical fact (including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as ?will,? ?believes,? ?plans,? ?anticipates,? ?expects,? ?estimates,?) should be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks inherent in the development and/or commercialization of potential products, uncertainty in the results of clinical trials or regulatory approvals, need and ability to obtain future capital, and maintenance of intellectual property rights. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the company's business, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.